Ophthalmology is the medical specialty that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of eye diseases and vision problems. Ophthalmologists are trained doctors who can perform eye exams, prescribe medications, and conduct eye surgeries.

This field covers a wide range of conditions—from common issues like cataracts, glaucoma, and dry eyes to complex problems such as retinal detachment, diabetic retinopathy, and macular degeneration.

Ophthalmology includes various sub-specialties, such as:

• Paediatric Ophthalmology – Addresses childhood eye problems like lazy eye or crossed eyes

• Cataract & Refractive Surgery – Corrects blurred vision and removes cloudy lenses

• Cornea & External Eye Disease – Treats infections, injuries, and corneal transplants

• Neuro-Ophthalmology – Deals with vision problems related to the nervous system

• Medical & Surgical Retina – Focuses on diseases of the retina and vitreous, including laser and microsurgery